The Human System of AI
The Human System of AI
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2026
Fourteen years of AI's people, money and feuds
**27 Oct 2026.**This is the network today. Press play to watch it form from 2012. Click anyone to see their ties, then and now.Source
Stories
2012–14**Google buys DeepMind**Musk, Thiel and Tallinn back a London lab. Google and Facebook race to hire deep-learning talent. Google wins DeepMind.2015–18**Musk, Page and the founding of OpenAI**A friendship ends over AI. A new lab hires Sutskever away from Google. Musk leaves its board three years later.2020–21**The Anthropic split**After GPT-3, seven people leave OpenAI and start Anthropic.Nov 2023**Five days at OpenAI**The board fires Altman. Microsoft offers him a job. He is back by Wednesday.2024–26**The talent war**OpenAI's co-founders leave for new labs and rivals. Meta pays billions to rebuild its own. Some come back.2012–now**Musk's web**Friend, funder, rival. Every Musk tie across the whole timeline, and only the moments he is part of.
Chronicle
- Sep 2012 AlexNet wins ImageNet
- Dec 2012 Big tech bids for three researchers
- Mar 2013 Google buys DNNresearch
- Jul 2013 word2vec · Google
- Dec 2013 Facebook hires Yann LeCun
- Jan 2014 Google buys DeepMind
- Feb 2014 Satya Nadella becomes Microsoft CEO
- Feb 2014 Sam Altman takes over Y Combinator
- Nov 2014 Echo and Alexa · Amazon
- 2015 Musk and Page fall out over AI
- Nov 2015 TensorFlow · Google Brain
- Dec 2015 OpenAI is founded
- 2016 Hugging Face starts as a chatbot app
- Mar 2016 AlphaGo beats Lee Sedol
- Mar 2016 Tay · Microsoft
- Aug 2016 Jensen Huang hand-delivers the first DGX-1
- Jan 2017 PyTorch · Facebook
- Jun 2017'Attention Is All You Need'
- Jun 2017 Karpathy leaves OpenAI for Tesla
- Jul 2017 Musk and Zuckerberg trade blows over AI risk
- 2018 Hugging Face's Transformers library
- Feb 2018 Musk leaves OpenAI's board
- Jun 2018 GPT-1 · OpenAI
- Nov 2018 BERT · Google
- Feb 2019 GPT-2 · OpenAI
- Mar 2019 OpenAI adds a capped-profit arm
- Jul 2019 Microsoft invests $1bn in OpenAI
- Dec 2019 Suleyman moves from DeepMind to Google
- Dec 2019 Page and Brin step back
- May 2020 GPT-3
- May 2020 GPT-3 · OpenAI
- Nov 2020 AlphaFold 2 · DeepMind
- Dec 2020 Safety researchers leave OpenAI
- Jan 2021 Anthropic is founded
- Jan 2021 DALL·E and CLIP · OpenAI
- May 2021 Anthropic raises $124m
- Jun 2021 GitHub Copilot · Microsoft
- Mar 2022 Inflection AI is founded
- Mar 2022 H100 chip · Nvidia
- Apr 2022 PaLM · Google
- Apr 2022 FTX leads Anthropic's $580m round
- Jul 2022 BLOOM · Hugging Face
- Aug 2022 Stable Diffusion · Stability AI
- Sep 2022 Character.AI beta · Character.AI
- Oct 2022 Musk buys Twitter
- Nov 2022 ChatGPT launches
- Nov 2022 ChatGPT · OpenAI
- Jan 2023 Microsoft commits about $10bn more
- Feb 2023 Google invests in Anthropic
- Feb 2023 Bard · Google
- Feb 2023 New Bing · Microsoft
- Feb 2023 LLaMA · Meta
- Mar 2023 Musk sets up xAI
- Mar 2023 GPT-4 · OpenAI
- Mar 2023 Claude · Anthropic
- Apr 2023 Google Brain and DeepMind merge
- May 2023 Hinton quits Google to warn about AI
- May 2023 Pi · Inflection AI
- Jun 2023 The cage-fight challenge
- Jul 2023 Llama 2 · Meta
- Aug 2023 Big tech backs Hugging Face
- Sep 2023 Amazon invests up to $4bn in Anthropic
- Sep 2023 Mistral 7B · Mistral AI
- Nov 2023 Grok · xAI
- Nov 2023 OpenAI's board fires Sam Altman
- Nov 2023 Microsoft offers Altman a home
- Nov 2023 Altman returns
- Dec 2023 Gemini 1.0 · Google DeepMind
- Feb 2024 Sora · OpenAI
- Feb 2024 Musk sues OpenAI and Altman
- Mar 2024 Claude 3 · Anthropic
- Mar 2024 FSD v12 · Tesla
- Mar 2024 Microsoft takes Inflection's team
- May 2024 GPT-4o · OpenAI
- May 2024 Sutskever and Leike leave OpenAI
- Jun 2024 Sutskever founds Safe Superintelligence
- Jul 2024 Llama 3.1 405B · Meta
- Aug 2024 Google re-hires Noam Shazeer
- Aug 2024 Schulman leaves for Anthropic
- Sep 2024 o1 · OpenAI
- Sep 2024 Mira Murati leaves OpenAI
- Sep 2024 Hub passes 1 million models · Hugging Face
- Oct 2024 Nobel prizes for Hassabis and Hinton
- Nov 2024 Model Context Protocol · Anthropic
- Dec 2024 Amazon Nova · Amazon
- Dec 2024 DeepSeek-V3 · DeepSeek
- Jan 2025 Humanity's Last Exam · Scale AI
- Jan 2025 DeepSeek-R1 · DeepSeek
- Jan 2025 Stargate is announced at the White House
- Jan 2025 The DeepSeek shock
- Feb 2025 Musk bids $97.4bn for OpenAI
- Feb 2025 Grok 3 · xAI
- Feb 2025 Murati launches Thinking Machines Lab
- Feb 2025 Claude Code · Anthropic
- Mar 2025 Gemini 2.5 Pro · Google DeepMind
- Mar 2025 xAI takes over X
- Apr 2025 Llama 4 · Meta
- May 2025 Claude 4 · Anthropic
- Jun 2025 Meta buys into Scale AI
- Jul 2025 Daniel Gross leaves SSI for Meta
- Jul 2025 Grok 4 · xAI
- Aug 2025 gpt-oss · OpenAI
- Aug 2025 GPT-5 · OpenAI
- Aug 2025 Babuschkin leaves xAI
- Aug 2025 MAI-1-preview · Microsoft
- Oct 2025 Tinker · Thinking Machines Lab
- Oct 2025 OpenAI finishes its restructuring
- Nov 2025 Microsoft and Nvidia invest in Anthropic
- Nov 2025 Gemini 3 · Google DeepMind
- Nov 2025 LeCun says he will leave Meta
- Dec 2025 Mistral 3 · Mistral AI
- Jan 2026 Thinking Machines co-founders go back to OpenAI
- Feb 2026 SpaceX buys xAI
- Feb 2026 OpenAI raises $110bn
- Feb 2026 The Pentagon blacklists Anthropic
- Mar 2026 Nemotron 3 Super · Nvidia
- Mar 2026 GPT-5.4 · OpenAI
- Mar 2026 LeCun's AMI Labs raises $1.03bn
- Mar 2026 The last xAI co-founder leaves
- Apr 2026 Claude Mythos Preview · Anthropic
- Apr 2026 Muse Spark · Meta
- Apr 2026 GPT-5.5 · OpenAI
- Apr 2026 Google pledges up to $40bn to Anthropic
- Apr 2026 DeepSeek V4 · DeepSeek
- May 2026 Jury rejects Musk's case against OpenAI
- May 2026 Karpathy joins Anthropic
- May 2026 Gemini 3.5 and Omni · Google DeepMind
- Jun 2026 Anthropic files in confidence to go public
- Jun 2026 OpenAI files in confidence to go public
- Jun 2026 Claude Fable 5 · Anthropic
- Jun 2026 SpaceX goes public
- Jun 2026 Shazeer leaves Google for OpenAI
- Jul 2026 Grok 4.5 · SpaceXAI
- Jul 2026 Inkling · Thinking Machines Lab
- Jul 2026 Claude Opus 5 · Anthropic
- Jul 2026 Nvidia backs Sutskever's SSI
- Aug 2026 Hassabis steps back at Google DeepMind
- Aug 2026 SpaceX completes its purchase of Cursor
- Aug 2026 Judge rules the Anthropic ban unlawful
- Sep 2026 Nvidia agrees to buy Hugging Face
- Sep 2026 GPT-6 Astra · OpenAI
- Sep 2026 Appeals court upholds the Pentagon's Anthropic ban
- Sep 2026 Gemini 4 Argon · Google DeepMind
- Oct 2026 Mistral Large 4 · Mistral AI
- Oct 2026 Character.AI files for bankruptcy
- Oct 2026 Muse Spark Open · Meta
- Oct 2026 Anthropic's IPO prospectus goes public
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