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Earth, Sweet Earth ( Science For Everyone) by Ekaterina Radkevich

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The book is based on the author’s impressions of her numerous expeditions in the many countries. It is a fascinating narrative rather than a mere record of facts irrespective of how scientifically valid they can be. The book is bound to be appreciated as a piece of absorbing reading by anyone who cares to increase the scope of his or her competence about our sweet home of a planet that must be saved from destruction at all costs.

Ekaterina Radkevich, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is one of the most distinguished geologists whose works are well known in her own country and in many other parts of the world. The overwhelming success of her publications is chiefly due to her indefatigable practical activity in the USSR and elsewhere and her unflagging interest in theoretical research which she has been conducting for quite some time at the Institute of Geological Studies in the Far East (Viadivostok).

Note: This book was the last remaining volume in the Science for Everyone Series! This completes volume the SFE series in English.

Many, many thanks to a patron who purchased and posted this book to us to complete this series. Much appreciated help!

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Contents

How I Became a Geologist (In Lieu of a Preface) 7

Part I. The Earth in the Universe 20

Chapter 1. The Earth as a Cosmic Body 20

Chapter 2. The Planet Earth 29

Chapter 3. The Deep-seated Structure of the Earth 38

Chapter 4. The Development of Views on the Origin of Earth and Other Planets of the Solar System 47

Part II. The History of the Development of the Earth 58

Chapter 5. The Dawn 58

Chapter 6. Life: The Earth’s Chronicle 70

Part III. Geology Everywhere 100

Chapter 7. The Work of the Wind 102

Chapter 8. The Role of Water in the Transformation of Our Planet 113

Chapter 9. The Activity of Subterranean Forces 127

Part IV. The Composition of the Earth’s Crust 147

Chapter 10. Sedimentary Rocks 147

Chapter 11. Magmatic (Igneous) Rocks 159

Chapter 12. Metamorphic Rocks 185

Part V. The Movements of the Earth’s Crust 202

Chapter 13. Mountains: Old and Young 203

Chapter 14. The Deformation of Rocks 208

Chapter 15. Fixism vs. Mobilism 216

Part VI. Mineral Resources 236

Chapter 16. The Mineral Kingdom 236

Chapter 17. Mineral Raw Materials and Technical Progress 258

Chapter 18. The Future of Mineral Raw Resources 280

Chapter 19. How Ores Are Formed 286

Chapter 20. The Science of Metallogeny 308

Chapter 21. In Quest of Ores 328

Chapter 22. At the Metallogenic Map of the Pacific Belt 338

Chapter 23. Mineral Resources of the Seas and the Underwater Storerooms of Mineral Raw Materials 349

Chapter 24. Save Our Earth! 361

To End on a Poetic Note 367

Posted inbooks, mir publishers, science for everyone|Taggedearth history, earth science, geochemistry, geology, geophysics, history of earth, mineral resources, mining, planetary science, plate tectonics, popular science, rocks, soviet literature|

யார் அதிக பலசாலி? – வலேரி ஸூஸ்ல (Who Is The Strongest? In Tamil by Valery Suslov)

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A little book for children telling us about how machines make humans much more stronger than anything in nature.

இயற்கையில் உள்ள எதையும் விட இயந்திரங்கள் மனிதர்களை எவ்வாறு மிகவும் வலிமையாக்குகின்றன என்பதைப் பற்றி குழந்தைகளுக்கான ஒரு சிறிய புத்தகம் நமக்குச் சொல்கிறது.

ஓவியர் வ. த்ருப்கோவிச்

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In Quest Of The Quantum by L.Ponamarev

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A current opinion has it that it is too early to acquaint beginners in science with certain of its facts, and embarrassing to try to explain these facts to persons versed in the art. This is most often referred to when an attempt is made to describe the structure of the atom. This perhaps is why no book has yet been written on quantum mechanics, sufficiently strict to offer no offence to the expert, sufficiently simple not to frighten away the novice and, at the same time, interesting to both.

This book is not for professionals, though they also may find some things here that might seem surprising to them. It is for those who are finishing school and for those who try to take a broader view of this best of all worlds than they have been trained to do in their profession which must of necessity be narrow if it is to be productive.

The history of the atom is related quite rigorously in the book you have before you. But this strictness is no end in itself. As a rule, not only the facts as such are of interest, but their interpretation as well, and the .circumstances in which they were discovered. Therefore, as a stem, I have taken the evolution of the ideas and concepts of atomic physics, showing that they constitute a united system of simple and harmonic design. It was in fact this intrinsic beauty of quantum theory that incited me to write this book. I shall consider my efforts worthwhile if the reader understands the power of the logical constructions of quantum mechanics and perceives the perfection of their unforeseeably simple consequences.

Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Weinstein

Many thanks to @life123 for the scans

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Part One: Facts

Chapter One

Atoms, Rays, Quanta 11

Round and About the Quantum 36

Chapter Two

Rays, Atoms, Electrons: Atoms, Electrons, Rays 40

Round and About the Quantum 62

Chapter Three

Atoms, Rays, Quanta: Complete Victory of Atomic Theory 73

Round and About the Quantum 99

Chapter Four

Pre-Bohr Times, Bohr’s Atom, Post-Bohr Times: Formal Model of the Atom (Niels Henrik David Bohr) 106

Round and About the Quantum 131

Chapter Five

Teachings of the Ancients, First Attempts: Elements and Atoms, Table of Elements, Explaining the Table 135

Round and About the Quantum 161

Part Two: Ideas

Chapter Six

Contemporaries Comment on Bohr’s Theory: Phenomenon, Image, Concept, Formula, Heisenberg’s Atomic Mechanics 171

Round and About the Quantum 191

Chapter Seven

Louis de Broglie: Matter Waves, Optical-Mechanical Analogy, Schrödinger’s Wave Mechanics 198

Round and About the Quantum 217

Chapter Eight

Wave-Corpuscle Duality, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Relation, Complementarity Principle 223

Round and About the Quantum 245

Chapter Nine

Schrödinger’s Equation, The T-Function: The Shape of What Does It Portray? The Atom, Quantum Truth 252

Round and About the Quantum 270

Chapter Ten

Heads or Tails, Target Shooting: Electron Diffraction, Probability Waves, An Electron Wave—Of What Does It Consist? The Atom, Probability and Atomic Spectra, Causality and Chance, Probability and Certainty 276

Round and About the Quantum 300

Chapter Eleven

What Is Quantum Mechanics? What Is an Atom? Physical Reality 307

Round and About the Quantum 325

Part Three: Speculation

Chapter Twelve

Inception of the Scientific Method: Essence of the Scientific Method and Its Development, Truth and Completeness of the Scientific Picture of the Universe, Science and Humanity, Boundaries of the Scientific Method, Science and Art, Future of Science 335

Conclusion 363

Index 365

The Privileged Generation Children In The Soviet Union by N. Vishneva-Sarafanova

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This is a book about the children of the 1980s.

The 20th century has witnessed two world wars and continuous military conflict. It is a century of technological progress that has unlocked the secrets of the atom, the mysteries of the cell, and the wonders of space. Yet, it is still unable to provide all the children in the world with food, clean water, and medical care. In other words, it is unable to guarantee their right to life.

Every second, three children are born into the world, their futures uncertain: poverty or comfort, ignorance or education, life or death.

Translated from the Russian by Galina Glagoleva

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INTRODUCTION: THE TRAGIC PARADOX OF CHILDHOOD 5

1. PARIS AND MUTUALITE HALL 8

The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child 10

A Meeting with the President 14

2. THE TOLLING BELLS OF KHATYN AND HIROSHIMA 19

Children and the War 22

The Mother Whose Son Was Killed 28

Bomber Crews Against Bombs 32

Valentina Tereshkova: We Must Preserve This Small Blue Planet 36

Conversation at Hammarskjöld Square 41

3. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE USSR: A REFLECTION OF THE CHARTER OF THE CHILD 45

4. PAGES FROM HISTORY: PROTECTION OF CHILDREN IN THE SOVIET STATE 51

The Child and Hunger: The Problem and Its Solution 52

Children Teach Their Mothers to Read and Write 54

Solving the Problem of Homeless Children 57

Anton Makarenko’s Method of Explosion 61

Children’s Homes in the USSR 69

The Ballad of a Kind Heart 73

5. MOTHERS OF THE 1980s 80

Her Work in the Sky 82

A Woman Accepts the Gagarin Mercury International Award 84

What Does Kamshat Mean? 86

6. THE HEALTHY CHILD 91

A Decree Signed by Lenin 91

A Pediatrician for Millions 94

A Shield Protecting Motherhood 102

The Sun Should Not Set Twice 106

A Citadel of Surgeons 111

A Day with Professor Tabolin 115

7. THE SOVIET FAMILY 121

One of 66 Million 123

Large Families in the USSR 131

Do We Know Our Children? 133

The Fatherless Family 137

Faina Fursova, a People’s Judge 146

Counselling for Parents 153

For the Benefit of Women and Children 155

8. THE MOST FLEXIBLE AGE 159

The Third Parent 161

Is a Person Born Talented? Is He Born Cruel or Kind? 163

An Alliance of Science and Practice 167

How Do People Become Internationalists? 172

A Discussion in Parliament 175

9. EDUCATION WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION 178

What Is New in the Soviet School System? 180

The Teacher’s Mark 186

The Metamorphosis of a Witch 189

When Parents Are Away at Work 194

20 Million Young Pioneers 196

10. THE SOVIET PEACE FUND AND CHILDREN 202

11. THE YOUTH OF THE 21st CENTURY 207

Posted inbooks|Taggedsoviet literature, peace, soviet education, soviet society, soviet school, childhood, soviet children, life in soviet union, parents, motherhood, child labour|

Particles, Quanta, Waves ( Knowledge Series) by Ya.A.Smorodinsky

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Ya. A. SMORODINSK.Y is a Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences and Professor at the Moscow State University. He is well known in the field of mathematical physics and in nuclear and elementary physics and is also an author of many articles on popular science. For a long time Ya. A. Smorodinsky worked together with the late Academician L. D. Landau. He was awarded the State Prize. The book makes the reader acquainted with the present ‘‘state of art” and perspectives of quantum mechanics. The author exposes in original form the milestones in the history of the development of quantum-mechanical concepts and the difficulties in understanding them.

The book is intended for college students, instructors and teachers of technical and high schools, specialists and all those interested in the present state of the physical theory.

Translated from the Russian by V. Kissin

Many thanks to @life123 for the scans.

Note: There is warping in some pages but the text is clear and readable.

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Preface

Introduction

Motion of Celestial Bodies

What Happens Within Short Distances 12

Myriad of Twins 13

Why Electrons in the Atom Do Not Emit 14

Dimension Considerations 15

Incomprehensible Close by 18

Waves and Particles 19

Coherence 21

Planck’s Constant Enters the Theory 23

How to Trap a Quantum 24

Electron, Pauli’s Principle 26

De Broglie Waves 27

Diffraction of Electrons 29

Phonons 31

Mössbauer Effect 33

Scattering of Particles 35

Schrödinger Equation 35

Wave Function 36

Uncertainty Principle 40

What Else Is Quantized? 42

Quantization of the Projection of Angular Momentum 46

Once More on Angular Momentum 47

Line Width 48

Laws of Light Emission 51

Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission 53

Laser 53

Electrons in Solids 54

Superfluidity 55

Superconductivity 58

Superfluidity of Helium-3 59

Quantization of Magnetic Flux 59

Josephson Effect 60

The Invisible 61

Similarity in Nature 62

Elementary Particles: What We Know and What We Try to Understand 63

The 1932 Nucleus 64

Forces and Fields 66

What Does the Proton Consist of? 68

A Far-Fetched Yet Useful Analogy 70

Indistinguishable Nucleons 71

The Law of Energy Conservation in the Microcosm 72

On Coulomb’s Law and Nuclear Forces 72

The 1948 Nucleus 75

Exponential Decay 75

Baryon Charge 79

Mesons 82

Excited Nucleons 83

Hyperons 85

Excited Hyperons 88

Λ-Hyperon and Its Descendants 89

Strangeness 89

Long Lifetime of Ω 91

Quarks 92

The Baryon Decuplet 94

Do Quarks Exist? 95

π-Meson 97

Fall of 1974: New Problems 99

Weak Interactions 100

Neutrino 101

Muon 104

Charge Symmetry (C-Symmetry) 105

Spatial Symmetry (P-Symmetry) 106

Combined Symmetry (CP-Symmetry) 107

Time Symmetry (T-Symmetry) 108

Decays of π-Mesons 110

Breakdown of Charge Symmetry 112

Conclusion 113

Appendix 116

Zoo Babies by Vera Chaplina

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A captivating account of caring of baby animals by Vera Chaplina in the Moscow zoo. We hear stories of baby lioness Kinuli, and many others..

Translated from The Russian By Ivy Litvinov

Illustrated By D. Gorlov

Photos by A. Anzhanov, P. Vorobyov and L. Zyuzin

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