Eight_Worlds_Planetary_Archive.pdf
Number of Pages: 20
N A S A · J P L D E E P - S P A C E A R C H I V E C A T . N O . S S S - 0 8 · R E V 2 0 2 5
八大行星 S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y — T W E N T Y P L A T E S
EIGHT WORLDS
行 星 档 案 · P L A N E T A R Y A R C H I V E , P L A T E S 0 1 – 2 0 M E R C U R Y → N E P T U N E · G R A Y S C A L E P L A T E S · N A S A / J P L I M A G E R Y
M E A N D I S T A N C E F R O M S O L · L O G S C A L E · A U SOL MERCURY 0.39 VENUS 0.72 EARTH 1.00 MARS 1.52 JUPITER 5.20 SATURN 9.54 URANUS 19.2 NEPTUNE 30.1 D I S T A N C E T O S C A L E , N O T S I Z E — T H I S I S H O W E M P T Y I T R E A L L Y I S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 1 / 2 0 O R B I T A L I N D E X — M E A N D I S T A N C E F R O M S U N E P O C H J 2 0 0 0 · N A S A / J P L S S D
S E M I - M A J O R A X I S , L O G A R I T H M I C — E I G H T S T O P S , O N E S T A R
SOL 0 1
MERCURY
0.39 AU 0 2
VENUS
0.72 AU 0 3
EARTH
1.00 AU 0 4
MARS
1.52 AU 0 5
JUPITER
5.20 AU 0 6
SATURN
9.54 AU 0 7
URANUS
19.2 AU 0 8
NEPTUNE
30.1 AU L I G H T - T I M E F R O M T H E S U N — M E R C U R Y 3 . 2 M I N · J U P I T E R 4 3 M I N · N E P T U N E 4 . 2 HO R B I T A L P E R I O D — 8 8 D · 6 8 7 D · 1 1 . 9 Y · 2 9 . 4 Y · 1 6 5 Y · S O U R C E — N A S A / J P L S S D S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 2 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 1 A — M E R C U R Y M E S S E N G E R · N A S A / J H U - A P L
水星
D A Y 4 3 0 ° C · N I G H T − 1 8 0 ° C
MERCURY
T H E I N N E R M O S T W O R L D · 水星
0.39 AU
F R O M S U N
4,879 KM
D I A M E T E R
88 D
P E R I O D
0
M O O N S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 3 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 1 B — M E R C U R Y · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
A I R L E S S
No atmosphere — the surface swings −180 °C to 430 °C.
S P I N – O R B I T 3 : 2
Rotates exactly three times for every two orbits.
C A L O R I S B A S I N
A 1,550 km impact basin ringed by volcanic plains.
I R O N H E A R T
A vast iron core fills the smallest planet — no moons.
DETAIL 01-B — CRATERED TERRAIN NEAR THE LIMB MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 0.387 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.2056
INCLINATION i 7.00°
PERIOD T 88.0 D
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
0.38 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1974 MARINER 10 — THREE FLYBYS · FIRST CLOSE-UP IMAGES EVER TAKEN
2011 MESSENGER — FIRST ORBITER · 4,100 ORBITS MAPPED THE GLOBE
2026 BEPICOLOMBO — ESA/JAXA CRUISER · ARRIVES NOVEMBER 2026
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 4 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 2 A — V E N U S M A G E L L A N · N A S A / J P L
金星
S U R F A C E 4 6 5 ° C · P R E S S U R E 9 2 B A R
VENUS
T H E G R E E N H O U S E W O R L D · 金星
0.72 AU
F R O M S U N
12,104 KM
D I A M E T E R
225 D
P E R I O D
0
M O O N S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 5 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 2 B — V E N U S · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
R U N A W A Y G R E E N H O U S E
465 °C under 92 bar of CO₂ — hot enough to melt lead.
R E T R O G R A D E
One rotation takes 243 days — its day outlasts its year.
V E I L E D
Sulfuric-acid clouds veil the surface from all optics.
S E E N B Y R A D A R
Magellan's radar mapped 98% of the hidden terrain.
DETAIL 02-B — RADAR TEXTURE, MAGELLAN MOSAIC MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 0.723 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0068
INCLINATION i 3.39°
PERIOD T 224.7 D
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
0.95 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1970 VENERA 7 — FIRST SUCCESSFUL LANDING ON ANOTHER PLANET
1975 VENERA 9 — FIRST PHOTOGRAPHS FROM A PLANET SURFACE
1990 MAGELLAN — RADAR MAPPER · 98% COVERAGE AT 100 M RES
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 6 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 3 A — E A R T H A P O L L O 1 7 · N A S A
地球 S E V E N T Y - O N E P E R C E N T W A T E R
EARTH
T H E L I V I N G W O R L D · 地球
1.00 AU
F R O M S U N
12,742 KM
D I A M E T E R
1 MOON
L U N A
1
B I O S P H E R E S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 7 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 3 B — E A R T H · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
T H E O C E A N W O R L D
71% of the surface lies beneath liquid water.
T H E B I O S P H E R E
The only world known to be inhabited.
S H I E L D E D
A magnetic shield; one large moon steadies the tilt.
O X Y G E N
An O₂ sky, exhaled by three billion years of photosynthesis.
DETAIL 03-B — OCEAN AND LIMB, APOLLO 17 FRAME MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 1.000 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0167
INCLINATION i 0.00°
PERIOD T 365.25 D
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
1.00 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1957 SPUTNIK 1 — FIRST ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE · ONE PERIOD, 96 MIN
1961 VOSTOK 1 — Y. GAGARIN · FIRST HUMAN ORBIT · 108 MINUTES
1968 APOLLO 8 — EARTHRISE PHOTOGRAPHED FROM LUNAR ORBIT
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 8 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 4 A — M A R S R O S E T T A - O S I R I S · E S A / M P S
火星 − 6 3 ° C · 6 M B A R C O ₂ S K Y
MARS
T H E E X P L O R E D F R O N T I E R · 火星
1.52 AU
F R O M S U N
6,779 KM
D I A M E T E R
687 D
P E R I O D
2
M O O N S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 0 9 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 4 B — M A R S · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
H Y D R O S P H E R E — P A S T
Deltas and clays record rivers that ran for aeons.
O L Y M P U S M O N S
21.9 km tall — the largest volcano known.
T H I N A I R
−63 °C mean beneath a 6-millibar sky of CO₂.
T W O C A P T I V E S
Phobos and Deimos — probably captured asteroids.
DETAIL 04-B — MARTIAN TERRAIN, OSIRIS FRAME MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 1.524 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0934
INCLINATION i 1.85°
PERIOD T 687.0 D
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
0.53 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1965 MARINER 4 — FIRST FLYBY · 21 PHOTOS · CRATERS, NOT CANALS
1976 VIKING 1 — FIRST LONG-DURATION SURFACE MISSION
2012 CURIOSITY — NUCLEAR ROVER IN GALE CRATER · STILL ROLLING
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 0 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 5 A — J U P I T E R J U N O · N A S A / J P L / S W R I
木星
M A S S 2 . 5 × A L L O T H E R P L A N E T S C O M B I N E D
JUPITER
T H E G I A N T · 木星
5.20 AU
F R O M S U N
139,820 KM
D I A M E T E R
11.9 Y
P E R I O D
95
S A T E L L I T E S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 1 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 5 B — J U P I T E R · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
C O L O S S A L
2.5× the mass of every other planet combined.
T H E R E D S P O T
A storm wider than Earth, watched since the 1830s.
F A S T S P I N
One day lasts 9.9 hours — the globe is flattened.
A S Y S T E M
95 moons; four Galilean worlds form a system of their own.
DETAIL 05-B — EQUATORIAL BANDS AND STORMS, JUNO MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 5.203 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0489
INCLINATION i 1.31°
PERIOD T 11.86 Y
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
11.21 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1973 PIONEER 10 — FIRST FLYBY · SURVIVED THE RADIATION BELTS
1995 GALILEO — FIRST ORBITER · RELEASED AN ATMOSPHERIC PROBE
2016 JUNO — POLAR ORBITER · MAPPING CORE, GRAVITY, AURORAE
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 2 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 6 A — S A T U R N C A S S I N I · N A S A / J P L / S S I
土星
D E N S I T Y 0 . 6 9 — I T W O U L D F L O A T
SATURN
T H E R I N G E D W O R L D · 土星 9.58 AU
F R O M S U N
116,460 KM
D I A M E T E R
29.4 Y
P E R I O D
274
S A T E L L I T E S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 3 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 6 B — S A T U R N · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
T H E R I N G S
282,000 km across, and in places only 10 metres thick.
B U O Y A N T
Mean density 0.69 g/cm³ — lighter than water.
T H E H E X A G O N
A six-sided jet stream pinwheels the north pole.
T I T A N
274 moons known; Titan keeps rivers of methane.
DETAIL 06-B — RING PLANE AT EQUINOX, CASSINI MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 9.537 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0565
INCLINATION i 2.49°
PERIOD T 29.45 Y
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
9.45 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1979 PIONEER 11 — FIRST FLYBY · PAVED THE PATH FOR VOYAGER
2004 CASSINI–HUYGENS — 13 YEARS IN ORBIT · TITAN LANDING 2005
2017 GRAND FINALE — 22 PLUNGE ORBITS BETWEEN PLANET AND RINGS
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 4 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 7 A — U R A N U S V O Y A G E R 2 · N A S A / J P L
天王星
V G R - 2 · 2 4 J A N 1 9 8 6 · Δ 8 1 , 5 0 0 K M
A X I A L T I L T 9 7 . 8 ° — I T O R B I T S O N I T S S I D E
URANUS
T H E T I L T E D W O R L D · 天王星
19.2 AU
F R O M S U N
50,724 KM
D I A M E T E R
84 Y
P E R I O D
28
S A T E L L I T E S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 5 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 7 B — U R A N U S · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
T I P P E D O V E R
Axial tilt 97.8° — it rolls along its orbit, on its side.
D E E P F R E E Z E
−224 °C — the coldest planetary atmosphere measured.
4 2 - Y E A R N I G H T S
Each pole passes through a night lasting a generation.
N A M E D F O R P O E T R Y
Its 28 moons carry names from Shakespeare and Pope.
DETAIL 07-B — LIMB GRADIENT, VOYAGER 2 MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 19.191 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0472
INCLINATION i 0.77°
PERIOD T 84.02 Y
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
4.01 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1781 W. HERSCHEL — DISCOVERED FROM BATH, ENGLAND · 13 MAR 1781
1986 VOYAGER 2 — THE ONLY SPACECRAFT VISIT · 24 JAN 1986
2023 JWST — INFRARED VIEW RESOLVES FINE RING STRUCTURE
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 6 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 8 A — N E P T U N E V O Y A G E R 2 · N A S A / J P L
海王星
V G R - 2 · 2 5 A U G 1 9 8 9 · Δ 4 , 9 5 1 K M
W I N D S 2 , 1 0 0 K M / H — S U P E R S O N I C
NEPTUNE
T H E L A S T W O R L D · 海王星
30.1 AU
F R O M S U N
49,244 KM
D I A M E T E R
165 Y
P E R I O D
16
S A T E L L I T E S S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 7 / 2 0 P L A T E 0 8 B — N E P T U N E · D O S S I E R D A T A — N A S A / J P L F A C T S H E E T
S U P E R S O N I C W I N D S
Winds to 2,100 km/h — the fastest weather found anywhere.
F O U N D O N P A P E R
Predicted by Le Verrier; found within 1° of his point.
T R I T O N
A captured Kuiper Belt world, orbiting backwards.
T H E E D G E
4.1 light-hours out. One orbit takes 165 years.
DETAIL 08-B — CLOUD ARCS, VOYAGER 2 MEAN ELEMENTS — J2000
SEMI-MAJOR a 30.069 AU
ECCENTRICITY e 0.0086
INCLINATION i 1.77°
PERIOD T 164.8 Y
DIAMETER · EARTH = 1.00
3.88 × E
ESOURCE — NASA/JPL SSD M I S S I O N L O G — S E L E C T E D
1846 LE VERRIER + GALLE — FOUND BY PREDICTION · 23 SEPT 1846
1989 VOYAGER 2 — THE ONLY VISIT · GREAT DARK SPOT RECORDED
2022 JWST — SHARP RING ARCS AND TRITON IN NEAR-INFRARED
S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 8 / 2 0 V O Y A G E R 1 — 1 4 F E B R U A R Y 1 9 9 0 L A S T P O R T R A I T · 4 0 . 5 A U F R O M H O M E
PIA-00452 — EARTH HALF A PIXEL WIDE, INSIDE A BAND OF SCATTERED SUNLIGHT
LOOK AGAIN AT THAT DOT.
That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives.
“…a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.”
— CARL SAGAN · PALE BLUE DOT, 1994
6.05 × 10⁹ KM
RANGE AT EXPOSURE
40.5 AU
FROM THE SUN
0.12 PX
EARTH'S WIDTH IN FRAME
161
FRAMES IN THE MOSAIC S S S - 0 8 · S O L A R S Y S T E M S U R V E Y S H E E T 1 9 / 2 0 E P I L O G U E — S C A L E S S S - 0 8 · E N D O F S U R V E Y
A MOTE OF DUST SUSPENDED IN A SUNBEAM.
EARTH OCCUPIES 0.12 OF ONE PIXEL IN VOYAGER 1'S LAST FRAME — LESS THAN A MILLIONTH OF THE PICTURE. EVERYTHING IN THIS SURVEY FITS INSIDE IT.
EARTH · 1.00 AU NEPTUNE · 30 AU VOYAGER 1 — ALREADY BEYOND THIS LINE · ~168 AU IMAGERY — NASA/JPL: MESSENGER · MAGELLAN · APOLLO 17 · OSIRIS · JUNO CASSINI · VOYAGER 1–2 · EARTH IN FRAME PIA-00452 TYPE — SOURCE HAN SANS · HELVETICA NEUE IBM PLEX MONO SHEET 20 / 20 COMPILED 2025